We will survey some of the last twenty years results on the
applications of the Differential Galois theory to Integrable Systems.
In particular, we will talk about three applications of the Differential Galois Theory:

1) Non-integrability results of finite dimensional dynamical systems
by means of the variational equations.

2) Study of the integrability of a stochastic birth-dead model of dynamics of populations.

3) Study of spectral problems, most of them related to solitonic type partial differential equations, like Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation.