List of speakers in the year of 2014

No. Date Speaker (Affiliation)
9 2014.4.15. (Tue.) 16:30 Dr. Hiroshi Fujiwara, Assistant Professor (Kyoto University)
Title: Fast and Reliable Numerical Methods for Near-infrared Light Propagation in Human Bodies
Abstract: We will present a fast and reliable numerical approach for near-infrared light (NIR) propagation in human bodies. In particular, an accurate numerical quadrature rule on the unit sphere and degenerate kernel approximations are shown to realize numerical computations in the three dimensions.

The use of NIR light is considered as a safe and simple technology for monitoring our bodies, in particular, brain activities. The radiative transport equation (RTE) is widely accepted as a mathematical model of NIR light propagation in our bodies. It is an integro-differential equations and the boundary value problem in the three dimensions is essentially a five dimensional large-scale problem. An accurate numerical quadrature rule and degenerate kernel approximations have been developed to reduce the size of discretization problems and computational times. Error analysis and numerical experiments with biomedical data of a human head are also shown.

This talk is based on a joint work with Prof. Iso (Kyoto Univ.), Prof. Higashimori (Hitotsubashi Univ.), and Human Brain Research Center in Kyoto University.

10 2014.5.13. (Tue.) 16:30 - 18:00 Dr. Bartosz Protas, Associate Professor (McMaster Univ.)
Title: Extreme vortex states and the hydrodynamic blow-up problem
Abstract: In the presentation we will discuss our research program concerning the study of extreme vortex events in viscous incompressible flows. These vortex states arise as the flows saturating certain fundamental mathematical estimates, such as the bounds on the maximum enstrophy growth in 3D. They are therefore intimately related to the question of spontaneous singularity formation in the 3D Navier-Stokes system, known as the hydrodynamic ¡Èblow-up¡É problem. We demonstrate how new insights concerning such problems can be obtained by formulating them as variational PDE optimization problems which can be solved computationally using suitable discrete gradient flows. In offering a systematic approach to finding flow solutions which may saturate known estimates, the proposed paradigm provides a bridge between mathematical analysis and scientific computation. In particular, it allows one to determine whether or not certain mathematical estimates are ¡Èsharp¡É, or if they may still be improved. In the presentation we will review a number of new results concerning 2D and 3D vortex flows characterized by the maximum possible growth of, respectively, palinstrophy and enstrophy. We will also discuss their relation to the available theoretical bounds obtained with rigorous methods of mathematical analysis.
[Joint work with Diego Ayala]
11 2014.6.3. (Tue.) 16:30 - 18:00 Kenta Ishimoto (Kyoto Univ., D3)
Title: Hydrodynamics of cell swimming near boundaries
Abstract: It is known that some microorganisms such as bacteria and spermatozoa accumulate near a boundary, which has been recently considered to be a phenomenon driven by non-linear hydrodynamic interaction between the cel and the boundary, whereby the time-reversal symmetry highlighted by the scallop theorem of the low Reynolds number flow still holds even in presence of boundaries.
In this talk, swimming stability of (i) a squirmer and (ii) a model spermatozoon near a boundary will be discussed after a brief review of the hydrodynamics of swimming microorganism.
The squirmer is a simple mathematical model of a swimming microorganism that propel with surface deformation. The stability behaviour can be characterised by boundary conditions at the surface as well as cell geometry and swimming morphology. The swimming dynamics of the model spermatozoon illustrates the stable planar beat near a no-slip boundary, though the dynamics can be unstable for abnormal cell morphology, implying biological significance of the swimming stability for mammalian spermatozoa in female reproductive tract.
(Joint work with Dr. E. A. Gaffeny at University of Oxford)
12 2014.10.14. (Tue.) 16:30 - 18:00 Dr. Michiaki Onodera, Assistant Professor (Kyushu Univ.)
Title: A flow approach to an inverse problem in potential theory
Abstract: A new geometric flow describing the motion of quadrature surfaces is introduced, where a quadrature surface is a closed hypersurface inducing the same electrostatic potential as a given electric charge density. This characterization enables us to study quadrature surfaces through the investigation of the flow. It is proved that the flow is uniquely solvable under the geometric condition that the initial surface has positive mean curvature. As a consequence, a bifurcation criterion for quadrature surfaces is obtained.

This seminar is presented in English. This seminar is also held as an ACCA-JP seminar.

13 2014.11.18. (Tue.) 16:30 - 18:00 Dr. Noboru Ito, Assistant Professor (Waseda Univ.)
Title: Strong and weak (1, 3) homotopy equivalence classes of spherical curves
Abstract: This talk is concerned with two joint works [1] and [2]. Every generic immersed spherical curve can be related to a simple closed curve by a finite sequence of the first, second, and third Reidemeister moves. We decompose the third Reidemeister move into just two kinds of moves: strong and weak third Reidemeister moves. In [1], we show that the strong (1, 3) homotopy equivalence class containing a simple closed curve is represented as any connected sum of finitely many spherical curves, each of which is either a simple closed curve, the curve that appears similar to ¡ç, or the trefoil projection. In [2], we show that the weak (1, 3) homotopy equivalence class containing a simple closed curve is represented as any connected sum of finitely many spherical curves, each of which is either a simple closed curve or the curve that appears similar to ¡ç. This talk will obtain the story from our starting point to the present and our motivation of this study.

Reference:
[1] N. Ito, Y. Takimura, and K. Taniyama, Strong and weak (1, 3) homotopies on knot projections, to appear in Osaka J. Math. [2] N. Ito and Y. Takimura, (1, 2) and weak (1, 3) homotopies on knot projections. J. Knot Theory Ramifications 22 (2013), 1350085 (14 pages).

This seminar will be given in Japanese and the presentation materials are shown in English. This seminar is also held as an CREST seminar.

14 2015.1.6. (Tue.) 16:30 - 18:00 Dr. Karel Svadlenka, Associate Professor (Kyoto Univ.)
Title: Evolutionary free boundary problems: their analysis and numerical solution
Abstract: A simple model for motion of bubbles on obstacles is given by a free boundary problem of parabolic or hyperbolic type. In this talk, a method of analysis of such equations based on time semi-discretization will be presented, which allows direct application to numerical approximation. Moreover, this method seems promising in studying hyperbolic free boundary problems, a field with almost no established theory. An example of such an application will be explained. Extension to the more general vector-valued case will also be mentioned.
15 2015. 2. 17. (Tue.) 11:00 - 12:00 Dr. Sun-Chul Kim, Professor (Chung-Ang Univ., Korea)
Title: Vortex sheet evolution on the spheroid
Abstract: Vortex sheet is an interface of discontinuity between two different velocity fluid flow. The dynamics of vortex sheet has been studied a lot for the plane and also for the sphere. In this talk, we study the motion of vortex sheet on the speroid numerically. More precisely, we asymptotically calculate the linear stability and compute the time evolution of roll ups.The effect of eccentricity is also considered.
16 2015. 2. 17. (Tue.) 13:30 - 14:30 Dr. Shin-ichi Takehiro, Associate Professor (RIMS, Kyoto Univ.)
Title: On axial 2-dimensional vortices exited by thermal convection in a rapidly rotating thin spherical shell
Abstract: Dynamics of axial 2-dimensional vortices in a rapidly rotating thin spherical shell is discussed. It is presented that the vortices excieted by thermal convection in a rotating spherical shell are affected by the inner and outer spherical boundaries and propagte as topographic Rossby waves, which transport momentum and induce a longitudinally banded strcture of mean zonal flows.
17 2015. 2. 17. (Tue.) 14:30 - 15:30 Dr.Sung-Ik Sohn, Professor (Gangneung-Wonju National Univ., Korea)
Title: Singularity and Nonuniqueness of Hydrodynamic Instabilities
Abstract: In this talk, the singularity and nonuniqueness of the solutions of hydrodynamic instabilities are presented. We discuss the nonuniqueness of the steady-state solution of the bubble evolution in the Rayleigh-Taylor and Saffman-Taylor instabilities,and the selection of the physically significant solution. The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is known to evolve a finite-time singularity, and the nonuniqueness of weak solutions has been recently established. We study whether the solutions of different regularization models converge to distinct or the same weak solution, and what the weak solutions are.
These three seminars are held as a part of A3 Workshop on Vortex Dynamics supported by A3 Foresight Program (Leaders: Prof. Y. Nishiura, Tohoku Univ., Japan and Prof. H. Kang, Inha Univ., Korea)
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